41. (32917-!-item-!-188;#058&006462)
In
the two years following the unification of Germany in 1989, the number of cars
owned by residents of East Germany and the total distance traveled by cars in
East Germany both increased by about 40 percent. In those two years, however, the number of
East German residents killed each year as car occupants in traffic accidents
increased by about 300 percent.
Which
of the following, if true, most helps to explain the disproportionate increase
in traffic fatalities?
(A)
The average number of passengers per car was higher in the years before
unification than it was in the two years after.
(B)
After unification, many people who had been living in East Germany relocated to
West Germany.
(C)
After unification, a smaller proportion of the cars being purchased by East German
residents were used vehicles.
(D)
Drivers who had driven little or not at all before 1989 accounted for much of
the increase in the total distance traveled by cars.
(E)
Over the same two-year period in East Germany, other road users, such as
motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians, experienced only small increases in
traffic fatalities.
42. (33427-!-item-!-188;#058&006865)
Editorial:
Regulations
recently imposed by the government of Risemia call for unprecedented reductions
in the amounts of pollutants manufacturers are allowed to discharge into the
environment. It will take costly new
pollution control equipment requiring expensive maintenance to comply with
these regulations. Resultant price
increases for Risemian manufactured goods will lead to the loss of some export
markets. Clearly, therefore, annual
exports of Risemian manufactured goods will in the future occur at diminished
levels.
Which
of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the
editorial?
(A)
The need to comply with the new regulations will stimulate the development
within Risemia of new pollution control equipment for which a strong worldwide
demand is likely to emerge.
(B)
The proposed regulations include a schedule of fines for noncompliance that
escalate steeply in cases of repeated noncompliance.
(C)
Savings from utilizing the chemicals captured by the pollution control
equipment will remain far below the cost of maintaining the equipment.
(D)
By international standards, the levels of pollutants currently emitted by some
of Risemia's manufacturing plants are not considered excessive.
(E)
The stockholders of most of Risemia's manufacturing corporations exert
substantial pressure on the corporations to comply with environmental laws.
43. (33475-!-item-!-188;#058&006874)
Paint
on a new airliner is usually applied in two stages: first, a coat of primer, and then a top
coat. A new process requires no primer,
but instead uses two layers of the same newly developed coating, with each
layer of the new coating having the same thickness and weight as a traditional
top coat. Using the new process instead
of the old process increases the price of a new aircraft considerably.
Which
of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that it is in an airline's
long-term economic interest to purchase new airliners painted using the new
process rather than the old process?
(A)
Although most new airliners are still painted using the old process, aircraft
manufacturers now offer a purchaser of any new airliner the option of having it
painted using the new process instead.
(B)
A layer of primer on an airliner weighs more than a layer of the new coating
would by an amount large enough to make a difference to that airliner's load-bearing
capacity.
(C)
A single layer of the new coating provides the aluminum skin of the airliner
with less protection against corrosion than does a layer of primer of the usual
thickness.
(D)
Unlike the old process, the new process was originally invented for use on
spacecraft, which are subject to extremes of temperature to which airliners are
never exposed.
(E)
Because the new coating has a viscosity similar to that of a traditional top
coat, aircraft manufacturers can apply it using the same equipment as is used
for a traditional top coat.
44. (33799-!-item-!-188;#058&007092)
In
countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are
sold at widely affordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command
premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from
competitors. These facts show that
future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of
granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished
everywhere.
Which
of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A)
In countries in which life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their
manufacture is nevertheless a profitable enterprise.
(B)
Countries that do not currently grant patents on life-sustaining drugs are, for
the most part, countries with large populations.
(C)
In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical
drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be
patented.
(D)
Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development
of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits.
(E)
Countries that grant patents on life-sustaining drugs almost always ban their
importation from countries that do not grant such patents.
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A
major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of
people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to
use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips. In an attempt to make purchasing electric
vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is
planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for
every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which
of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A)
Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for
extended trips.
(B)
Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to
the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already
high price of electric vehicles.
(C)
The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric
vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use
characteristic of commuters.
(D)
Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use,
generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery
can burden the environment.
(E)
Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short
local trips, such as to do errands.
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists
in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at
the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755. However, the camp probably dates to no later
than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European
traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which
of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A)
Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have
reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B)
At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's,
remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C)
The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered
especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D)
The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European
explorers.
(E)
The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a
few years and then abandoned.
47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile
emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years
old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer
cars. In Torinia, which has recently
built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years
old. Aiming to boost Torinia's economy
and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for
Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new
ones.
Which
of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the
planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A)
Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an
old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
(B)
Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate
smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured
elsewhere.
(C)
The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other
countries.
(D)
The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile
emissions, but emissions from power plants.
(E)
The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of
air pollutants.
48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic
wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly
the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the
developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients
and space. If too few eggs were laid,
portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which
of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
(A)
The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize
can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B)
Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation
practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C)
Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of
different host species.
(D)
Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp
larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E)
Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.
49. (34269-!-item-!-188;#058&007557)
An
overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for
the poor agricultural production in Country X since its new government came to
power. Neighboring Country Y has
experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has
been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y.
Which
of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A)
Industrial production also is declining in Country X.
(B)
Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.
(C)
Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.
(D)
The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those
that have always been grown in Country Y.
(E)
Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention
of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.
50. (34317-!-item-!-188;#058&007562)
Generally
scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new research and
accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation. Therefore, when any scientist wins renown as
an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude
that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
The
explanation offered above for the low esteem in which scientific popularizers
are held by research scientists assumes that
(A)
serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active
cooperation among a group of colleagues
(B)
research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose
renown they envy
(C)
a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any
important research
(D)
research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of
science are not motivated to do important new research
(E)
no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those
who are not themselves scientists
51. (34365-!-item-!-188;#058&007569)
A
company's two divisions performed with remarkable consistency over the past
three years: in each of those years, the
pharmaceuticals division has accounted for roughly 20 percent of dollar sales
and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals division for the balance.
Which
of the following can properly be inferred regarding the past three years from
the statement above?
(A)
Total dollar sales for each of the company's divisions have remained roughly
constant.
(B)
The pharmaceuticals division has faced stiffer competition in its markets than
has the chemicals division.
(C)
The chemicals division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has
the pharmaceuticals division.
(D)
The product mix offered by each of the company's divisions has remained
unchanged.
(E)
Highly profitable products accounted for a higher percentage of the chemicals
division's sales than of those of the pharmaceuticals division.
52. (34413-!-item-!-188;#058&007570)
The
technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the
kinds of demand they are trying to meet.
The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay
for it are bicycle racers. Therefore,
innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as
standard for purposes of competition in bicycle races.
Which
of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
(A)
The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for
high-performance competition bicycles expands.
(B)
High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of
technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of
technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.
(C)
Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall
outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.
(D)
The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from
their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to
suit different national markets.
(E)
The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not
keep informed about innovative bicycle design.
53. (34461-!-item-!-188;#058&007571)
When
a polygraph test is judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the
examinee. Rather, such a judgment means
that the test has failed to show whether the examinee was truthful or
untruthful. Nevertheless, employers will
sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive polygraph
test result.
Which
of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information
above?
(A)
Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.
(B)
Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job
applicants.
(C)
An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the
examinee.
(D)
A polygraph test indicating that an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be
mistaken.
(E)
Some employers have refused to consider the results of polygraph tests when
evaluating job applicants.
54. (34509-!-item-!-188;#058&007572)
Male
bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different
local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit
different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that the
bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a
genetically transmitted, trait.
Which
of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the
researchers?
(A)
There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the
bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied
most extensively.
(B)
Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years
watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.
(C)
The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation
characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
(D)
Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations
of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
(E)
It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather
than transmitted genetically.
55. (34557-!-item-!-188;#058&007575)
According
to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the
main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically. The authority plans to finance these
improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the
two highway bridges along the route the rail line serves. Although the proposed improvements are indeed
needed, the authority's plan for securing the necessary funds should be
rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of
something from which they receive no benefit.
Which
of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of
the authority's plan to finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge
tolls?
(A)
Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required
by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can
be raised.
(B)
Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private
contractor to adjust the automated toll-collecting machines.
(C)
Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the
increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual
to postpone the effects of the increase.
(D)
When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20
percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer
alternative route that has since been improved.
(E)
The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that
has registered strong opposition to the proposed toll increase.
56. (34605-!-item-!-188;#058&007579)
Crops
can be traded on the futures market before they are harvested. If a poor corn harvest is predicted, prices
of corn futures rise; if a bountiful corn harvest is predicted, prices of corn
futures fall. This morning meteorologists
are predicting much-needed rain for the corn-growing region starting
tomorrow. Therefore, since adequate
moisture is essential for the current crop's survival, prices of corn futures
will fall sharply today.
Which
of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A)
Corn that does not receive adequate moisture during its critical pollination
stage will not produce a bountiful harvest.
(B)
Futures prices for corn have been fluctuating more dramatically this season
than last season.
(C)
The rain that meteorologists predicted for tomorrow is expected to extend well
beyond the corn-growing region.
(D)
Agriculture experts announced today that a disease that has devastated some of
the corn crop will spread widely before the end of the growing season.
(E)
Most people who trade in corn futures rarely take physical possession of the
corn they trade.
57. (34655-!-item-!-188;#058&007580)
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the
people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment
is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows
approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's
argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?
(A)
The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an
indication that unemployment is abnormally high.
(B)
The current level of unemployment is not moderate.
(C)
If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a
representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.
(D)
It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving
accurate reports.
(E)
If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage
of those without jobs is even higher.
58. (34705-!-item-!-188;#058&007581)
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the
people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment
is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows
approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.
Sharon's
argument relies on the assumption that
(A)
normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded
(B)
unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments
of the population
(C)
the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher
than 90% of the population
(D)
Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents
(E)
knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of
losing one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics
59. (34753-!-item-!-188;#058&007583)
A
certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles
entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic
congestion. The mayor reasons that,
since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many nearby
points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.
Which
of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the
mayor's reasoning is flawed?
(A)
Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking a
private vehicle into the city.
(B)
The cost of parking fees already makes it considerably more expensive for most
people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.
(C)
Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.
(D)
Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather
endure traffic congestion than pay a five-dollar-per day fee.
(E)
During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people
living within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic
congestion.
60. (34801-!-item-!-188;#058&007584)
Because
no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior,
information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened
and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well
informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at
those levels.
The
conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
(A)
problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which
they occur
(B)
employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their
superiors
(C)
problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower
levels of the management hierarchy
(D)
chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no
source other than their subordinates
(E)
some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are
perceived by their superiors
61. (34849-!-item-!-188;#058&007585)
Which
of the following best completes the passage below?
At
a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most
participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents,
whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a
particular source of effluent. What
must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls,
is that __________.
(A)
any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without
delay
(B)
any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental
damage
(C)
the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest
quantities of effluents
(D)
all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North
Sea at present
(E)
environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible
62. (34897-!-item-!-188;#058&007589)
The
interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it,
job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of
the job will be eliminated from consideration.
The
argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A)
A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
(B)
The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is
the development of a job description.
(C)
Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are
unsuited to the requirements of the job.
(D)
The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants'
personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
(E)
The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was
once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.
63. (34945-!-item-!-188;#058&007591)
Companies
O and P each have the same number of employees who work the same number of
hours per week. According to records
maintained by each company, the employees of Company O had fewer job-related
accidents last year than did the employees of Company P. Therefore, employees of Company O are less
likely to have job-related accidents than are employees of Company P.
Which
of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion?
(A)
The employees of Company P lost more time at work due to job-related accidents
than did the employees of Company O.
(B)
Company P considered more types of accidents to be job-related than did Company
O.
(C)
The employees of Company P were sick more often than were the employees of
Company O.
(D)
Several employees of Company O each had more than one job-related accident.
(E)
The majority of job-related accidents at Company O involved a single machine.
64. (34993-!-item-!-188;#058&007593)
Adult
female rats who have never before encountered rat pups will start to show
maternal behaviors after being confined with a pup for about seven days. This period can be considerably shortened by
disabling the female's sense of smell or by removing the scent-producing glands
of the pup.
Which
of the following hypotheses best explains the contrast described above?
(A)
The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups.
(B)
The amount of scent produced by rat pups increases when they are in the
presence of a female rat that did not bear them.
(C)
Female rats that have given birth are more affected by olfactory cues than are
female rats that have never given birth.
(D)
A female rat that has given birth shows maternal behavior toward rat pups that
she did not bear more quickly than does a female rat that has never given
birth.
(E)
The development of a female rat's maternal interest in a rat pup that she did
not bear is inhibited by the odor of the pup.
65. (35041-!-item-!-188;#058&007595)
Sales
of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year. In order to take
advantage of this increase, Mammoth Industries plans to expand production of
its own model of telephone, while continuing its already very extensive
advertising of this product.
Which
of the following, if true, provides most support for the view that Mammoth
Industries cannot increase its sales of telephones by adopting the plan
outlined above?
(A)
Although it sells all of the telephones that it produces, Mammoth Industries'
share of all telephone sales has declined over the last year.
(B)
Mammoth Industries' average inventory of telephones awaiting shipment to
retailers has declined slightly over the last year.
(C)
Advertising has made the brand name of Mammoth Industries' telephones widely
known, but few consumers know that Mammoth Industries owns this brand.
(D)
Mammoth Industries' telephone is one of three brands of telephone that have
together accounted for the bulk of the last year's increase in sales.
(E)
Despite a slight decline in the retail price, sales of Mammoth Industries'
telephones have fallen in the last year.
66. (35089-!-item-!-188;#058&007596)
Bank
depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank
failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits. An economist argues that this insurance is
partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from
depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds
their money is secure against failure.
If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in
order to compete for depositors' money.
The
economist's argument makes which of the following assumptions?
(A)
Bank failures are caused when big borrowers default on loan repayments.
(B)
A significant proportion of depositors maintain accounts at several different
banks.
(C)
The more a depositor has to deposit, the more careful he or she tends to be in
selecting a bank.
(D)
The difference in the interest rates paid to depositors by different banks is
not a significant factor in bank failures.
(E)
Potential depositors are able to determine which banks are secure against
failure.
67. (35137-!-item-!-188;#058&007600)
A
drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can, at
present, be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is quite rare
in the wild. It takes the bark of 5,000
trees to make one kilogram of the drug.
It follows, therefore, that continued production of the drug must inevitably
lead to the ibora's extinction.
Which
of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A)
The drug made from ibora bark is dispensed to doctors from a central authority.
(B)
The drug made from ibora bark is expensive to produce.
(C)
The leaves of the ibora are used in a number of medical products.
(D)
The ibora can be propagated from cuttings and grown under cultivation.
(E)
The ibora generally grows in largely inaccessible places.
68. (35185-!-item-!-188;#058&007601)
Manufacturers
sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period
when the product is advertised to consumers.
Such promotions often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product
sold by the manufacturers to retailers.
Nevertheless, the manufacturers could often make more profit by not
holding the promotions.
Which
of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim above about the
manufacturers' profit?
(A)
The amount of discount generally offered by manufacturers to retailers is
carefully calculated to represent the minimum needed to draw consumers'
attention to the product.
(B)
For many consumer products the period of advertising discounted prices to
consumers is about a week, not sufficiently long for consumers to become used
to the sale price.
(C)
For products that are not newly introduced, the purpose of such promotions is
to keep the products in the minds of consumers and to attract consumers who are
currently using competing products.
(D)
During such a promotion retailers tend to accumulate in their warehouses
inventory bought at discount; they then sell much of it later at their regular
price.
(E)
If a manufacturer fails to offer such promotions but its competitor offers
them, that competitor will tend to attract consumers away from the
manufacturer's product.
69. (35233-!-item-!-188;#058&007607)
Excavation
of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of
debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes. Archaeologists have hypothesized that the
destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the
island in A.D. 365.
Which
of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists'
hypothesis?
(A)
Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from
years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near
Kourion.
(B)
No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before
that year were found in abundance.
(C)
Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the
island in A.D. 365.
(D)
Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between
A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E)
Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in
Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
70. (35281-!-item-!-188;#058&007608)
According
to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating
depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's
sleep immediately lifted their depression.
Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the
conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have
serious side effects.
Which
of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not
used as a treatment for depression?
(A)
For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a
temporary sense of euphoria.
(B)
Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people
who are not depressed.
(C)
Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable
to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D)
The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been
traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E)
Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few
minutes.
71. (35329-!-item-!-188;#058&007615)
In
many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order
to save money. However, many workers who
lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and
the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that
assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Which
of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?
(A)
Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to
find new jobs.
(B)
Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C)
Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not
automating.
(D)
Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by
automation did.
(E)
The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the
short-term savings in labor costs.
72. (35377-!-item-!-188;#058&007617)
United
States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying
patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on
governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly
limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at
or below actual costs.
Which
of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(A)
Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures
available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income
patients.
(B)
If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed
care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
(C)
Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health
insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D)
If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will
maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for
unreimbursed care.
(E)
Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support
for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
41.
D 32917-!-item-!-188;#058&006462
42.
A 33427-!-item-!-188;#058&006865
43.
B 33475-!-item-!-188;#058&006874
44.
D 33799-!-item-!-188;#058&007092
45.
B 33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123
46.
B 33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200
47.
E 34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207
48.
A 34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550
49.
D 34269-!-item-!-188;#058&007557
50.
D 34317-!-item-!-188;#058&007562
51.
C 34365-!-item-!-188;#058&007569
52.
C 34413-!-item-!-188;#058&007570
53.
C 34461-!-item-!-188;#058&007571
54.
B 34509-!-item-!-188;#058&007572
55.
D 34557-!-item-!-188;#058&007575
56.
D 34605-!-item-!-188;#058&007579
57.
A 34655-!-item-!-188;#058&007580
58.
B 34705-!-item-!-188;#058&007581
59.
B 34753-!-item-!-188;#058&007583
60.
D 34801-!-item-!-188;#058&007584
61.
B 34849-!-item-!-188;#058&007585
62.
C 34897-!-item-!-188;#058&007589
63.
B 34945-!-item-!-188;#058&007591
64.
E 34993-!-item-!-188;#058&007593
65.
E 35041-!-item-!-188;#058&007595
66.
E 35089-!-item-!-188;#058&007596
67. D 35137-!-item-!-188;#058&007600
68.
D 35185-!-item-!-188;#058&007601
69.
B 35233-!-item-!-188;#058&007607
70.
E 35281-!-item-!-188;#058&007608
71.
A 35329-!-item-!-188;#058&007615
72.
B 35377-!-item-!-188;#058&007617
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